middle range

Pacifism in Contemporary Conflict: A Christian Perspective

A commissioned paper articulating a Christian pacifist perspective on nonviolent approaches to contemporary conflict.

1993

Levels of Leadership

An analytical and descriptive exploration of a pyramid model to capture the overview of how an entire affected population in a setting of internal armed conflict is represented by leaders and other actors, as well as the roles they play in navigating the situation.

2001

interview

Beyond Intractability Interview

A interview with Julian Portilla exploring themes of narrative and storytelling, insider-outsider models of mediation, and personal and professional formative influences in the U.S. during the Civil Rights Movement, in Nicaragua, and in Costa Rica.

2003

diagram

Actors and Approaches to Peacebuilding

A pyramid model of actors and approaches to building peace across scales from the grassroots, middle range, and top-level leaders.

1998